Research Article
Self-Esteem in Sports: A Study of Tribal and Non-tribal Players of Tripura, India
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 4, December 2026
Pages:
55-62
Received:
18 September 2026
Accepted:
5 October 2026
Published:
26 October 2026
Abstract: Tripura is the third-smallest state in India, verifying its presence through diversified culture, natural talent and geomorphological conditions. Nurturing the youngsters in such an atmosphere and mixed socio-cultural fabric helps with dealing resilience. It helps to boost their psychological and health behaviour. These behavioural habits reflect in sports, academics and other areas. Specifically in sports, psychology plays a pivotal role and brings out better athletes’ performance and self-esteem, which is one of the ways to distinguish between the Tribal and Non-tribal groups in this region. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (1965) was used to measure self-esteem. A total of 200 (Tribal-100 and Non-tribal -100) male players were selected. The independent t-test was used to see the difference in self-esteem between two groups. The result showed that the tribal players scored 28.84±3.07, while the non-tribal players scored 28.9±3.54. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference (p-value of 0.449) between groups. The study also revealed that 41% of tribal and 37% of non-tribal players fall under high self-esteem, while 59% of tribal and 63% of non-tribal players fall under moderate self-esteem. None of the players fall under the low self-esteem category. Further, a game-wise comparison revealed that the tribal Volleyball players had significantly higher self-esteem as compared to non-tribal players. However, there were no significant differences found in Cricket, Football, Badminton, Judo and Athletics.
Abstract: Tripura is the third-smallest state in India, verifying its presence through diversified culture, natural talent and geomorphological conditions. Nurturing the youngsters in such an atmosphere and mixed socio-cultural fabric helps with dealing resilience. It helps to boost their psychological and health behaviour. These behavioural habits reflect i...
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Methodology Article
Evidential Limits of a Provisional Video-derived
Ground-contact-time Estimate in U.K. Shyam’s 2001 100 M Performance: A Methodological Commentary
Edgar Jeevan Danaraj*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 4, December 2026
Pages:
63-69
Received:
17 October 2026
Accepted:
27 October 2026
Published:
9 November 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajss.20261404.12
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Abstract: Ground-contact time (GCT) is an important biomechanical parameter in sprint performance, reflecting the duration available for force application during stance. However, the reliability of GCT estimates derived from historical race footage depends on source timing accuracy and the identification of touchdown and toe-off events. This methodological commentary examines a provisional software-derived mean GCT of 90.67 ms from U.K. Shyam’s 2001 100 m performance, contextualized against published elite-sprint biomechanics data. The estimate remains independently unverified because source-level timing records and event annotations are unavailable for external audit. A conditional sensitivity analysis considers an assumed ±10 ms allowance (80.67-100.67 ms) and one-frame timing uncertainties at hypothetical source rates of 25, 50 and 100 frames/s. These scenarios demonstrate how temporal resolution may influence comparisons with published London 2017 GCT values of 90, 97 and 104 ms. Numerical overlap does not establish measurement equivalence or biomechanical similarity. The study provides a structured framework for interpreting provisional video-derived GCT estimates while emphasizing the importance of transparent uncertainty reporting and independent validation.
Abstract: Ground-contact time (GCT) is an important biomechanical parameter in sprint performance, reflecting the duration available for force application during stance. However, the reliability of GCT estimates derived from historical race footage depends on source timing accuracy and the identification of touchdown and toe-off events. This methodological c...
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